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During spring and summer, grasses and sedges form the bulk of their diet, while during winter they eat more tall herbs, and the twigs and needles of trees such as aspen, spruce, juniper, and willow. Their diet primarily consists of alpine grasses and herbs. When snow is heavy, they have to paw away snow to reach the vegetation below. They have also been known to seek out tree lines on hot days, but they do not enter forested areas, preferring to return to their alpine habitat when the weather has cooled. Usually living at high elevations, sometimes at the vegetation line and well above the tree line, Siberian ibexes seek out lower slopes during the winter in search of food. They have been reported to live for up to 22 years in captivity. Males typically live for ten years in the wild, and females for up to seventeen years. Females first breed in their second year.
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Males are sexually mature at eighteen months, but do not reach their full adult size for nine years. They begin to eat grass as little as eight days after birth, but do not do so regularly until they are about one month old, and are not fully weaned until six months. The horns are visible after about three to four weeks. Newborn kids weigh about 3 kg (6.6 lb), and grow rapidly during their first year. Gestation lasts 170 to 180 days, and usually results in the birth of a single kid, although twins occur in up to 14% of births, and triplets are born on rare occasions. Males compete for dominance during the rut, rearing up on their hind legs and clashing their horns together. Courtship lasts for over 30 minutes, and consists of licking, ritualised postures, and flehmen if the female urinates. During the rut, the males spend considerable effort courting females, and they are often emaciated from lack of grazing by the time it ends.
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The rut takes place from late October to early January. sakeen (Himalayan Ibex – Pamir Mountains, western Himalayas, India, Afghanistan and Pakistan hagenbecki (Gobi or Mongolian Ibex ) – western Mongolia alaiana (Tian Shan Ibex ) – Alay Mountains sibirica (Siberian or Altai Ibex ) – Sayan Mountains Though some recent authorities treat the species as monotypic, others have recognized four subspecies, based mainly on differences in total size, size of horns and colour of pelage: įemales near Kargil, Ladakh, India Subspecies Siberian ibexes typically moult between April and July, developing their paler summer coat, which continues to grow and become darker as the year progresses, reaching the full winter condition around December. Females and infants are generally more bland in colour than the adult males, and do not always have the stripe down the back. The undersides are paler, and, in the winter, mature males becoming much darker with white patches. There is usually a stripe of darker hair down the centre of the back and onto the tail, and some males have saddle-like patches on the back in the winter. The colouration is also variable, from dark brown to light tan, with some reddish individuals. The exact shape of the horns varies considerably between individuals. Both sexes have circular rings around their horns that represent annual growth, but males also have large transverse ridges along the front surface. Those of fully-grown males are black and typically measure about 115 cm (45 in), although in extreme cases they can grow to 148 cm (58 in). The female's horns are relatively small, and grey-brown in colour, measuring an average of 27 cm (11 in) long. The coat of Siberian ibex is well suited for camouflage in mountains with low or no vegetation.